Name: Peter Fisher
Date: October 8th, 2014
Date: October 8th, 2014
Periodic-als Covalent Compound
Covalent Compound Selected: Hydrogen Chloride
Why did you select this Covalent Compound? Is it Polar or Non-polar Covalent?
Hydrochloric Acid is fairly common acid, much more common than many people may suspect. It is also one of the strongest acids in the world, just behind sulfuric acid (H2 S O2, found in batteries). Because Hydrogen has only one proton and Chlorine has 17, the electrons are drawn much closer to Chlorine, and the molecule becomes very polar.
How is this Covalent Compound important/relevant to your life?
Hydrochloric Acid, perhaps better known as gastric acid, is not only relevant but essential to my life; I couldn't digest my food without it.
Facts on the Covalent Compound
Source 1 Title: Environmental Protection Agency
MLA Citation: "Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride)." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 18 Oct. 2013. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Hydrochloric acid, also known as Hydrogen Chloride, has the chemical formula H Cl.
2. Its molecular weight is about 36.47 g/mol.
3. Hydrochloric acid is normally a water-like liquid or gas; it is colorless and nonflammable.
4. The acid has a very strong odor that can be detected when the saturation of Hydrochloric acid in the air is above 7 mg/m^3.
5. Hydrochloric Acid has many uses; one of them is the production of Chlorides, presumably by refining its Chlorine, then using that Chlorine in other compounds.
6. Hydrochloric Acid is also used to clean and refine metals and ores, and to produce fertilizers and dyes.
7. This is an extremely corrosive acid, and will damage the eyes, skin, and any other normally sensitive area.
8. Inhalation of this acid will cause coughing fits, hoarseness, swelling in the trachea and bronchi, and acute chest pain.
9. Exposure to Hydrochloric Acid as a gas in small amounts frequently can cause gastritis, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, and other undesirable symptoms.
10. Chronic exposure resulted in hyperplasia (a dramatic increase in cell reproduction) in a lab rat's nasal mucus membrane, larynx, and trachea.
Facts on the first NONMETAL in your Compound
Source 2 Title: Jefferson Lab
MLA Citation: "The Element Hydrogen." It's Elemental. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Hydrogen's atomic number is 1, and the atomic mass of its normal isotope is 1.00794.
2. Hydrogen will melt at -259.34ºC and will boil at -252.87ºC, so it is usually found as a gas.
3. Hydrogen's density at room temperature is 0.00008988 g/cm^3.
4. Hydrogen is a non-metal, despite being in the first group; it can't give away it's one electron, so it must take an extra electron instead.
5. Hydrogen has three isotopes: Protium (normal Hydrogen), Deuterium (one extra neutron), and Tritium (two extra neutrons). Of these, the former two are stable.
6. Hydrogen's name comes from the Greek roots "hydro," meaning water, and "genes," roughly meaning forming.
7. Hydrogen was first produced as a gas in 1671, but was not recognized as its own element until 1766.
8. Scientists estimate that around 90% of the visible universe is comprised of Hydrogen.
9. Hydrogen is used by stars in a process called fusion, which provides energy for the star to continue its chain reaction, and scientists are looking into using fusion on Earth to provide power. The sun is expected to contain another 5 billion years' worth of Hydrogen.
10. Hydrogen is extremely important in the production of many commercial compounds, including Ammonia (N H3) and any hydrogenated fat or oil. It is an ingredient in countless other compounds, including but not limited to water, methane, sugar, and, of course, Hydrochloric Acid.
Facts on the second NONMETAL in your Compound
Source 2 Title: Royal Society of Chemistry
MLA Citation: "Chlorine." Element Information, Properties and Uses. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Chlorine's atomic number is 17, and it's atomic mass relative to 1/12 of a Carbon atom is 35.453 AMU.
2. Chlorine's density at -160.15ºC is 2030 Kg/m^3.
3. Chlorine will melt at -101.5ºC, and will boil at -34.04ºC, making it a gas at room temperature.
4. Chlorine is a dense, yellow-green gas with a "choking" smell (possibly meaning something similar to smoke; choking is not very descriptive).
5. Chlorine gas is produced from salt (Na Cl). From there it is used in a great many consumer products, including paper, petroleum products, medicines, and PVC plastic.
6. Chlorine as a free gas is extremely toxic, and was used as a chemical weapon in World War I.
7. Chlorine is essential to life, mainly as a negative ion to counterbalance the positive Potassium ions in cell fluid. In fact, it is never found by itself in nature, but always in a compound. The most common compound by far is salt, which is found in ocean water and some dried-up prehistoric seas, now salt flats.
8. Chlorine has two isotopes: Cl-35 makes up approximately 3/4 of the Chlorine found in nature, and the other 1/4 is Cl-37. Both isotopes are stable.
9. Chlorine was first observed as a gas produced in a chemical reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Manganese Dioxide (Mn O2) in 1774.
10. Chlorine was finally proven to be its own element in 1807. This was announced in the scientific community, and it took about ten years to be accepted.
Why did you select this Covalent Compound? Is it Polar or Non-polar Covalent?
Hydrochloric Acid is fairly common acid, much more common than many people may suspect. It is also one of the strongest acids in the world, just behind sulfuric acid (H2 S O2, found in batteries). Because Hydrogen has only one proton and Chlorine has 17, the electrons are drawn much closer to Chlorine, and the molecule becomes very polar.
How is this Covalent Compound important/relevant to your life?
Hydrochloric Acid, perhaps better known as gastric acid, is not only relevant but essential to my life; I couldn't digest my food without it.
Facts on the Covalent Compound
Source 1 Title: Environmental Protection Agency
MLA Citation: "Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride)." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 18 Oct. 2013. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Hydrochloric acid, also known as Hydrogen Chloride, has the chemical formula H Cl.
2. Its molecular weight is about 36.47 g/mol.
3. Hydrochloric acid is normally a water-like liquid or gas; it is colorless and nonflammable.
4. The acid has a very strong odor that can be detected when the saturation of Hydrochloric acid in the air is above 7 mg/m^3.
5. Hydrochloric Acid has many uses; one of them is the production of Chlorides, presumably by refining its Chlorine, then using that Chlorine in other compounds.
6. Hydrochloric Acid is also used to clean and refine metals and ores, and to produce fertilizers and dyes.
7. This is an extremely corrosive acid, and will damage the eyes, skin, and any other normally sensitive area.
8. Inhalation of this acid will cause coughing fits, hoarseness, swelling in the trachea and bronchi, and acute chest pain.
9. Exposure to Hydrochloric Acid as a gas in small amounts frequently can cause gastritis, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, and other undesirable symptoms.
10. Chronic exposure resulted in hyperplasia (a dramatic increase in cell reproduction) in a lab rat's nasal mucus membrane, larynx, and trachea.
Facts on the first NONMETAL in your Compound
Source 2 Title: Jefferson Lab
MLA Citation: "The Element Hydrogen." It's Elemental. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Hydrogen's atomic number is 1, and the atomic mass of its normal isotope is 1.00794.
2. Hydrogen will melt at -259.34ºC and will boil at -252.87ºC, so it is usually found as a gas.
3. Hydrogen's density at room temperature is 0.00008988 g/cm^3.
4. Hydrogen is a non-metal, despite being in the first group; it can't give away it's one electron, so it must take an extra electron instead.
5. Hydrogen has three isotopes: Protium (normal Hydrogen), Deuterium (one extra neutron), and Tritium (two extra neutrons). Of these, the former two are stable.
6. Hydrogen's name comes from the Greek roots "hydro," meaning water, and "genes," roughly meaning forming.
7. Hydrogen was first produced as a gas in 1671, but was not recognized as its own element until 1766.
8. Scientists estimate that around 90% of the visible universe is comprised of Hydrogen.
9. Hydrogen is used by stars in a process called fusion, which provides energy for the star to continue its chain reaction, and scientists are looking into using fusion on Earth to provide power. The sun is expected to contain another 5 billion years' worth of Hydrogen.
10. Hydrogen is extremely important in the production of many commercial compounds, including Ammonia (N H3) and any hydrogenated fat or oil. It is an ingredient in countless other compounds, including but not limited to water, methane, sugar, and, of course, Hydrochloric Acid.
Facts on the second NONMETAL in your Compound
Source 2 Title: Royal Society of Chemistry
MLA Citation: "Chlorine." Element Information, Properties and Uses. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. (easybib.com)
1. Chlorine's atomic number is 17, and it's atomic mass relative to 1/12 of a Carbon atom is 35.453 AMU.
2. Chlorine's density at -160.15ºC is 2030 Kg/m^3.
3. Chlorine will melt at -101.5ºC, and will boil at -34.04ºC, making it a gas at room temperature.
4. Chlorine is a dense, yellow-green gas with a "choking" smell (possibly meaning something similar to smoke; choking is not very descriptive).
5. Chlorine gas is produced from salt (Na Cl). From there it is used in a great many consumer products, including paper, petroleum products, medicines, and PVC plastic.
6. Chlorine as a free gas is extremely toxic, and was used as a chemical weapon in World War I.
7. Chlorine is essential to life, mainly as a negative ion to counterbalance the positive Potassium ions in cell fluid. In fact, it is never found by itself in nature, but always in a compound. The most common compound by far is salt, which is found in ocean water and some dried-up prehistoric seas, now salt flats.
8. Chlorine has two isotopes: Cl-35 makes up approximately 3/4 of the Chlorine found in nature, and the other 1/4 is Cl-37. Both isotopes are stable.
9. Chlorine was first observed as a gas produced in a chemical reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Manganese Dioxide (Mn O2) in 1774.
10. Chlorine was finally proven to be its own element in 1807. This was announced in the scientific community, and it took about ten years to be accepted.